A little bit of history

The High Sheriff is one of the oldest civic roles in the UK, with a history that goes back over a thousand years. In Oxfordshire, this role has always been important for keeping law and order, evolving over time to stay relevant to changing society.

Origins in Saxon Times

The word "Sheriff" comes from "Shire Reeve," a job created in Saxon times. The Shire Reeve was chosen by the King and was in charge of collecting taxes, enforcing laws, and keeping the peace in the shire. This made the Shire Reeve a powerful figure in medieval England, responsible for leading the local militia, managing the King’s lands, and overseeing court cases

Middle Ages: Peak of Power

During the Middle Ages, the High Sheriff of Oxfordshire, like others across the country, held a lot of power. They could raise the "hue and cry" to chase down criminals, read the Riot Act during riots, and make sure justice was served in the county. One of their important duties was to choose two knights to represent the shire in Parliament, showing their influence in both local and national matters.

Decline of Powers

Starting in the 14th century, the powers of the High Sheriff began to decline. As the legal and political systems in England changed, many of the High Sheriff’s duties were handed over to new courts and officials. By the 19th century, most of the High Sheriff’s administrative and law enforcement roles had been transferred to county councils and police forces. Despite losing many of their powers, the role remained an important symbol of tradition.

The 16th Century and Beyond

In the 16th century, the introduction of Lord-Lieutenants, who became the main representatives of the Sovereign in each county, further reduced the role of the High Sheriff. This left the High Sheriff mainly responsible for supporting the courts, ensuring the safety of judges, and maintaining law and order. The role also became more focused on ceremonial duties, keeping the peace, and promoting the well-being of the community.

The Modern Role

Today, the High Sheriff of Oxfordshire is mostly a ceremonial figure, appointed each year by the Sovereign. Although their powers are now limited, the High Sheriff still plays an important role in supporting the courts, law enforcement, and local charities. They attend civic events, promote community spirit, and recognise the contributions of local volunteers and organisations.

The history of the High Sheriff in Oxfordshire is a story of tradition, service, and change. From its beginnings in Saxon England to its modern-day ceremonial role, the position of High Sheriff has evolved over the centuries, reflecting the needs of society while staying true to its ancient roots. Today, the High Sheriff remains a respected figure in Oxfordshire, upholding the values of justice, community, and public service that have defined the role for over a thousand years.

View more about the history of the High Sheriff here.